Balancing the load of 20 kV feeder using FACTS based on fuzzy control method
Keywords:
Balancing the load, FACTS, fuzzy, distribution system, fuzzy
Abstract
In electric power distribution networks, most of the times are single-phase and therefore their connection is between one of the phase wires and the neutral wire. In most cases, the number of branches on each of the phases does not feed the same subscribers, and in case of equality, their consumption is different due to different uses of single-phase consumers. Therefore, unlike balanced three-phase loads, in single-phase distribution systems, current flows through the neutral wire, and for this reason the distribution network is generally an unbalanced network. The imbalance of this system has various consequences such as reduced efficiency, performance of the protection system, increased losses, heating of three-phase equipment, voltage drop due to unbalanced current, neutral wire current and reduced power quality. Especially from the point of view of power quality criteria, this problem manifests itself as the ratio of zero sequence size to positive sequence outside the standard. In this paper, a method based on the use of FACTS devices and fuzzy control is described, which reduces the adverse effects of imbalance. In this method, the voltage imbalance index is within the allowable standard of distribution networks. The simulation results show that the stated control method reduces the effects of imbalance and the control method has established the objectives with appropriate speed and accuracy.
References
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[40] Singh, Shashi Bhushan, Asheesh K. Singh, and Padmanabh Thakur. "Assessment of induction motor performance under voltage unbalance condition." 2012 IEEE 15th International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power. IEEE, 2019..
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[45] Omran, Nima Ghiasnezhad, and Shaahin Filizadeh. "Location-based forecasting of vehicular charging load on the distribution system." IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 5.2 (2013): 632-641.
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[2] Joshi, Shalini, and Uma Kumari. "Load balancing in cloud computing: challenges & issues." 2016 2nd International Conference on Contemporary Computing and Informatics (IC3I). IEEE, 2016.
[3] Nancy, J. Joys, et al. "Load Balancing using Load Sharing Technique in Distribution System." 2020 6th International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems (ICACCS). IEEE, 2020.
[4] Nancy, J. Joys, et al. "Load Balancing using Load Sharing Technique in Distribution System." 2020 6th International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems (ICACCS). IEEE, 2020.
[5] Vyawahare, Dhanashree, and Mukul Chandorkar. "Power flow analysis in stand-alone 4-wire, 4-leg inverter microgrid with unbalanced loads." 2014 16th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications. IEEE, 2014.
[6] Homaee, Omid, et al. "A practical approach for distribution network load balancing by optimal re‐phasing of single phase customers using discrete genetic algorithm." International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 29.5 (2019): e2834.
[7] Ren, Yi, et al. "Agent-based restoration approach for reliability with load balancing on smart grids." Applied Energy 249 (2019): 46-57.
[8] Liu, Zaoxing, et al. "Distcache: Provable load balancing for large-scale storage systems with distributed caching." 17th {USENIX} Conference on File and Storage Technologies ({FAST} 19). 2019.
[9] Weckx, Sam, and Johan Driesen. "Load balancing with EV chargers and PV inverters in unbalanced distribution grids." IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy 6.2 (2015): 635-643.
[10] Alsulami, Amar, et al. "Balancing asymmetrical load using a static var compensator." IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies, Europe. IEEE, 2014.
[11] Aslam, Sidra, and Munam Ali Shah. "Load balancing algorithms in cloud computing: A survey of modern techniques." 2015 National software engineering conference (NSEC). IEEE, 2015.
[12] Adnan, Muhammad, et al. "Load flow balancing and transient stability analysis in renewable integrated power grids." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 104 (2019): 744-771.
[13] Sharma, Sandeep, Sarabjit Singh, and Meenakshi Sharma. "Performance analysis of load balancing algorithms." IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy 6.2 (2016): 435-445
[14] Passino, Kevin M., Stephen Yurkovich, and Michael Reinfrank. Fuzzy control. Vol. 42. Menlo Park, CA: Addison-wesley, 1998.
[15] Relić, Filip, et al. "Influence of FACTS Device Implementation on Performance of Distribution Network with Integrated Renewable Energy Sources." Energies 13.20 (2020): 5516.
[16] Pavithra, S., and G. H. Kusumadevi. Teaching Learning Best Optimization Technique for Optimal Positioning of FACTS Devices in Power System. No. 4197. EasyChair, 2020.
[17] Selvaraj, Ganesh, and Kanimozhi Rajangam. "Multi‐objective grey wolf optimizer algorithm for combination of network reconfiguration and D‐STATCOM allocation in distribution system." International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 29.11 (2019): e12100.
[18] Khalil, Hassan K., and Jessy W. Grizzle. Nonlinear systems. Vol. 3. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice hall, 2002.
[19] Farahani, Hassan Feshki. "Improving voltage unbalance of low-voltage distribution networks using plug-in electric vehicles." Journal of cleaner production 148 (2017): 336-346.
[20] Trichakis, P., et al. "An investigation of voltage unbalance in low voltage distribution networks with high levels of SSEG." Proceedings of the 41st International Universities Power Engineering Conference. Vol. 1. IEEE, 2006.
[21] Valois, PV Santos, et al. "Voltage unbalance in low voltage distribution networks." 16th International Conference and Exhibition on Electricity Distribution, 2001. Part 1: Contributions. CIRED.(IEE Conf. Publ No. 482). Vol. 2. IET, 2001.
[22] Wang, Licheng, Ruifeng Yan, and Tapan Kumar Saha. "Voltage regulation challenges with unbalanced PV integration in low voltage distribution systems and the corresponding solution." Applied Energy 256 (2019): 113927.
[23] Padiyar, Krishna R. "FACTS controllers in power transmission and distribution." (2007).
[24] Moreno-Muñoz, Antonio, ed. Power quality: mitigation technologies in a distributed environment. Springer Science & Business Media, 2007.
[25] Sharma, Hari Datt, M. R. Tripathy, and S. K. Gupta. "APPLICATION OF POWER ELECTRONICS IN POWER SYSTEM."
[26] Kundur, Prabha. "Power system stability." Power system stability and control (2007): 7-1.
[27] Gangasagara, G., Chari, K. V. V. P., & SUMANTH, D. (2016). Design Analysis and Simulation of Linear Controller of a STATCOM for Reactive Power Compensation on Variation of DC link Voltage by the Application of STATCOM to Linear and Nonlinear Load. international journal of professional engineering studiesvolume, 6(3).
[28] Farahani, Hassan Feshki. "Improving voltage unbalance of low-voltage distribution networks using plug-in electric vehicles." Journal of cleaner production 148 (2017): 336-346.
[29] Islam, Md Rabiul, et al. "Multiobjective optimization technique for mitigating unbalance and improving voltage considering higher penetration of electric vehicles and distributed generation." IEEE Systems Journal 14.3 (2020): 3676-3686.
[30] Coelho, Francisco CR, et al. "Empirical continuous metaheuristic for multiple distributed generation scheduling considering energy loss minimisation, voltage and unbalance regulatory limits." IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 14.16 (2020): 3301-3309.
[31] Kermer, Stefan SO. "Imbalance Settlement Design with Demand Side Management and Combined Heat and Power." 2019 IEEE Texas Power and Energy Conference (TPEC). IEEE, 2019.
[32] Jabbarnejad, Alireza, and Sadegh Vaez-Zadeh. "Power quality improvement using virtual flux combined control of grid connected converters under balanced and unbalanced grid operation." IECON 2019-45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. Vol. 1. IEEE, 2019.
[33] Gosbell, Victor J., et al. "Sources of error in unbalance measurements." (2002).
[34] Garcia, Diogo C., et al. "Voltage unbalance numerical evaluation and minimization." Electric Power Systems Research 79.10 (2009): 1441-1445.
[35] Tabrizchi, Ali Mohammad, and Mohammad Mahdi Rezaei. "Probabilistic small-signal stability analysis of power systems based on Hermite polynomial approximation." SN Applied Sciences 3.9 (2021): 1-15.
[36] Ogunboyo, P. T., R. Taiko, and I. E. Davidson. "Voltage Profile Enhancement in Low Voltage 11/0.4 kV Electric Power Distribution Network Using Dynamic Voltage Restorer under Three Phase Balance Load." 13th IEEE Africon Conference, Cape Town, South Africa. Vol. 18. 2017.
[37] Parmar, Brijesh, S. Shivani, and Chetan Chodavadiya. "Improvement of voltage profile using DSTATCOM—Simulation under sag and swell condition." International Journal of Innovative and Research in Electrical, Electronics, Instrumentation and Control Engineering 2.7 (2014).
[38] Biabani, M. A. K. A., Ali, S. M., & Jawed, A. (2016, October). Enhancement of power quality in distribution system using D-Statcom. In 2016 International Conference on Signal Processing, Communication, Power and Embedded System (SCOPES) (pp. 2093-2098). IEEE.
[39] Valois, PV Santos, et al. "Voltage unbalance in low voltage distribution networks." 16th International Conference and Exhibition on Electricity Distribution, 2001. Part 1: Contributions. CIRED.(IEE Conf. Publ No. 482). Vol. 2. IET, 2020
[40] Singh, Shashi Bhushan, Asheesh K. Singh, and Padmanabh Thakur. "Assessment of induction motor performance under voltage unbalance condition." 2012 IEEE 15th International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power. IEEE, 2019..
[41] Kim, Young-Jin. "Development and analysis of a sensitivity matrix of a three-phase voltage unbalance factor." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 33.3 (2018): 3192-3195.
[42] Kersting, William H. Distribution system modeling and analysis. CRC press, 2018.
[43] Lotero, Roberto C., and Javier Contreras. "Distribution system planning with reliability." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 26.4 (2011): 2552-2562.
[44] Murari, Krishna, and Narayana Prasad Padhy. "A network-topology-based approach for the load-flow solution of AC–DC distribution system with distributed generations." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 15.3 (2018): 1508-1520.
[45] Omran, Nima Ghiasnezhad, and Shaahin Filizadeh. "Location-based forecasting of vehicular charging load on the distribution system." IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 5.2 (2013): 632-641.
[46] Omran, Nima Ghiasnezhad, and Shaahin Filizadeh. "Location-Based Forecasting of Vehicular Charging Load on the Distribution System." IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 2.5 (2014): 632-641.
[47] Klir, George, and Bo Yuan. Fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic. Vol. 4. New Jersey: Prentice hall, 1995.
[48] Deng, J. X., and Yong Deng. "Information Volume of Fuzzy Membership Function." International Journal of Computers, Communications & Control 16.1 (2021).
[49] Nguyen, Anh-Tu, et al. "Fuzzy control systems: Past, present and future." IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine 14.1 (2019): 56-68.
[50] Lin, Hao-Ran, Bing-Yuan Cao, and Yun-zhang Liao. "Fuzzy control." Fuzzy Sets Theory Preliminary. Springer, Cham, 2018. 73-108.
[51] Yazdanbakhsh, Omolbanin, and Scott Dick. "A systematic review of complex fuzzy sets and logic." Fuzzy Sets and Systems 338 (2018): 1-22.
Published
2021-10-19
How to Cite
Hoseinian, S. ali, & Zaeri, A. H. (2021). Balancing the load of 20 kV feeder using FACTS based on fuzzy control method. Majlesi Journal of Mechatronic Systems, 10(4), 1-4. Retrieved from https://ms.majlesi.info/index.php/ms/article/view/508
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Articles
