A New Emitter Localization Technique Using Airborne Direction Finder Sensor
Keywords:
Position Finding, Direction Finding, Angle of Arrival, Navigation Systems.
Abstract
In this paper, a new method is introduced to locate emitters using the angle of arrival (AOA), when the navigation systems are unable to report the location of the receiver. In our proposed framework, a moving receiver equipped with a direction-finding system locates the targets using the directions from which these targets are sensed. For this purpose, the receiver would need to know its own exact location using navigation systems. However, in certain circumstances such as long time flights, the reports from these navigation systems might be unavailable or unreliable. Therefore, in such cases, known emitters’ direction of arrival and location can be used to locate the receiver and target using regular AOA position finding (PF) method in two stages. In the first stage, receiver’s location is estimated using the signals received from known emitters and in the second stage the unknown emitter’s location is obtained utilizing the estimated receiver’s location and the direction of unknown emitters. In this work, we introduce a new scheme for such circumstances to locate the receiver and unknown emitter in a single step with a closed- form formulation and improved precision. Additionally, three different approaches are proposed to solve the new formulation. The simulations demonstrate that the proposed method offers more accurate results in comparison to the conventional schemes.
References
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[29] Hashemi, Seyed Mohammad, Shahrokh Barati, Saeed Talati and Heshmat Noori. “A GENETIC ALGORITHM APPROACH TO OPTIMAL PLACEMENT OF SWITCHING AND PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT ON A DISTRIBUTION NETWORK.” VOL. 11, NO. 3, FEBRUARY 2016.
[30] O. Sharifi-Tehrani and S. Talati. (2017) “PPU Adaptive LMS Algorithm, a Hardware-Efficient Approach; a Review on”, Majlesi Journal of Mechatronic Systems, vol. 6, no. 1.
[31] Hashemi. Seyed Mohammad, Abyari. Mohammad, Barati. Shahrokh, Tahmasebi Sanaz, Talati, Saeed. “A PROPOSED METHOD TO CONTROLLER PARAMETER SOFT TUNING AS ACCOMMODATION FTC AFTER UNKNOWN INPUT OBSERVER.” ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences VOL. 11, NO. 5, MARCH 2016.
[32] S. Talati, A. Rahmati, and H. Heidari. (2019) “Investigating the Effect of Voltage Controlled Oscillator Delay on the Stability of Phase Lock Loops”, MJTD, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 57-61.
[33] Saeed. Talati, Behzad. Ebadi, Houman. Akbarzade “Determining of the fault location in distribution systems in presence of distributed generation resources using the original post phasors“ QUID 2017, pp. 1806-1812, Special Issue No.1- ISSN: 1692-343X, Medellín-Colombia. April 2017.
[34] Saeed Talati, mohamadreza Hasani Ahangar (2020) “Analysis, Simulation and Optimization of LVQ Neural Network Algorithm and Comparison with SOM”, MJTD, vol. 10, no. 1.
[35] Saeed Talati, pouriya etezadifar.( 2020) “Providing an Optimal Way to Increase the Security of Data Transfer Using Watermarking in Digital Audio Signals”, MJTD, vol. 10, no. 1.
[36] Talati, S., & Hassani Ahangar. M. R. (2020) “Combining Principal Component Analysis Methods and Self-Organized and Vector Learning Neural Networks for Radar Data”, Majlesi Journal of Telecommunication Devices, 9(2), 65-69.
[37] Hassani Ahangar, M. R., Talati, S., Rahmati, A., & Heidari, H. (2020). “The Use of Electronic Warfare and Information Signaling in Network-based”, Warfare. Majlesi Journal of Telecommunication Devices, 9(2), 93-97.
[38] Saeed Talati, Pouriya Etezadifar. (2020). “Providing an Optimal Way to Increase the Security of Data Transfer Using Watermarking in Digital Audio Signals”, MJTD, vol. 10, no. 1.
[39] Aslinezhad, M., Mahmoudi, O., & Talati, S. (2020). “Blind Detection of Channel Parameters Using Combination of the Gaussian Elimination and Interleaving”, Majlesi Journal of Mechatronic Systems, 9(4), 59-67.
[40] Talati, S., & Amjadi, A. (2020). “Design and Simulation of a Novel Photonic Crystal Fiber with a Low Dispersion Coefficient in the Terahertz Band”, Majlesi Journal of Mechatronic Systems, 9(2), 23-28.
[41] Talati, S., & Alavi, S. M. (2020). “Radar Systems Deception using Cross-eye”, Technique. Majlesi Journal of Mechatronic Systems, 9(3), 19-21.
[42] O. Sharifi-Tehrani, M. F. Sabahi, and M. R. Danee, "GNSS Jamming Detection of UAV Ground Control Station Using Random Matrix Theory," ICT Express, vol. In Press, 2020.
[43] O. Sharifi-Tehrani, "Novel hardware-efficient design of LMS-based adaptive FIR filter utilizing Finite State Machine and Block-RAM," Przeglad Elektrotechniczny, vol. 87, no. 7, pp. 240-244, 2011.
[44] O. Sharifi-Tehrani, "Hardware Design of Image Channel Denoiser for FPGA Embedded Systems," Przegląd Elektrotechniczny, vol. 88, no. 3b, pp. 165-167, 2012.
[45] O. Sharifi-Tehrani, A. Sadeghi, and S. M. J. Razavi, "Design and Simulation of IFF/ATC Antenna for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle," Majlesi Journal of Mechatronic Systems, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 1-4, 2017.
[46] O. Sharifi-Tehrani, M. F. Sabahi, and M. R. Danee, "Low-Complexity Framework for GNSS Jamming and Spoofing Detection on Moving Platforms" ,IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation, vol. 14, no. 12, pp. 2027-2038, 2020.
[47] O. S. Tehrani, M. Ashourian, and P. Moallem, "An FPGA-based implementation of fixed-point standard-LMS algorithm with low resource utilization and fast convergence" ,International Review on Computers and Software, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 436-444, 2010.
[48] O. Sharifi-Tehrani, "Design, Simulation and Fabrication of Microstrip Hairpin and Interdigital BPF for 2.25 GHz Unlicensed Band", Majlesi Journal of Telecommunication Devices, vol. 6, no. 4, 2017.
[2] S. Hara, D. Anzai, T. Yabu, K. Lee, T. Derham, and R. Zemek, “A perturbation analysis on the performance of toa and tdoa localization in mixed los/nlos environments,” Communications, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 61, no. 2, pp. 679–689, 2013.
[3] R. Sharma, S. Quebe, R. W. Beard, and C. N. Taylor, “Bearing-only cooperative localization,” Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems, vol. 72, no. 3-4, pp. 429–440, 2013.
[4] J. Li, H. Pang, F. Guo, L. Yang, and W. Jiang, “Localization of multiple disjoint sources with prior knowledge on source locations in the presence of sensor location errors,” Digital Signal Processing, vol. 40, pp. 181–197, 2015.
[5] Y. Zuojun and Z. Shu, “Single-station passive location based on equivalent snr,” in Electrical and Control Engineering (ICECE), 2011, International Conference on, 2011, pp. 1723–1727.
[6] L. Binbin, F. Xinxi, L. Hongyan, and N. Xuanjie, “Algorithm of bearings-only passive multi-sensor and multi-target tracking,” Infrared and Laser Engineering, vol. 5, p. 047, 2012.
[7] J. Shen, A. Molisch, and J. Salmi, “Accurate passive location estimation using toa measurements,” Wireless Communications, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 2182–2192, 2012.
[8] H. T. FARD, M. Atashbar, Y. Norouzi, and F. H. KASHANI, “Mul- tireference tdoa-based source localization,” Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences, vol. 21, no. Sup. 1, pp. 1920–1929,2013.
[9] Y. Huang, B. Gao, J. Li, and S. Huang, “Single-observer passive location algorithm based on square-root ukf with forward-backward filtering,” Journal of Data Acquisition & Processing, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 207–212,2013
[10] Y.-H. Choi, “Repeated blocking based robust beamforming for coherent interference cancellation,” Digital Signal Processing, vol. 36, pp. 39–45,2015.
[11] V. F. Pisarenko, “The retrieval of harmonics from a covariance function,” Geophysical Journal International, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 347–366, 1973.
[12] H. Zhang, G. Bi, Y. Cai, S. G. Razul, and C. M. S. See, “Doa estimation of closely-spaced and spectrally-overlapped sources using a stft-based music algorithm,” Digital Signal Processing, vol. 52, pp. 25–34, 2016.
[13] R. Kumaresan and D. W. Tufts, “Estimating the angles of arrival of multiple plane waves,” IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, no. 1, pp. 134–139, 1983.
[14] R. Roy and T. Kailath, “Esprit-estimation of signal parameters via rota- tional invariance techniques,” IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. 37, no. 7, pp. 984–995, 1989.
[15] S. Hong, W. Tao, Z. Zhou, and H. Yang, “A bridge beamformer based on the bell-shaped window function.” Advances in Information Sciences & Service Sciences, vol. 4, no. 7, 2012.
[16] S. Hong, D. Yang, K. Liu, X. He, and M. M. Tentzeris, “Robust passive beamformer using bridge function sequences as weights,” IEICE Electronics Express, vol. 6, no. 16, pp. 1192–1198, 2009.
[17] N. Nguyen, T. Lam, and Y. Shin, “A new approach for positioning based on aoa measurements,” in Computing, Management and Telecommuni- cations (ComManTel), 2013 International Conference on. IEEE, 2013, pp. 208–211.
[18] Y. Liu, T. Qiu, and J. Li, “Joint estimation of time difference of arrival and frequency difference of arrival for cyclostationary signals under impulsive noise,” Digital Signal Processing, vol. 46, pp. 68–80, 2015.
[19] D. Munoz, F. B. Lara, C. Vargas, and R. Enriquez-Caldera, “Position location techniques and applications,” Academic Press, 2009.
[20] K. Ho, X. Lu, and L. Kovavisaruch, “Source localization using tdoa and fdoa measurements in the presence of receiver location errors: Analysis and solution,” Signal Processing, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 684–696, 2007.
[21] N. Wu and M. Fowler, “Aperture error mitigation via local-state esti- mation for frequency-based emitter location,” Aerospace and Electronic Systems, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 414–429, 2003.
[22] P. D. Groves, “Principles of GNSS, inertial, and multisensor integrated navigation systems,” Artech House, 2013.
[23] R. M. Brown, “Emitter location using bearing measurements from a moving platform,” DTIC Document, Tech. Rep., 1981.
[24] A. Pages-Zamora, J. Vidal, and D. Brooks, “Closed-form solution for positioning based on angle of arrival measurements,” in Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, 2002. The 13th IEEE International Symposium on, vol. 4, 2002, pp. 1522–1526 vol.4.
[25] R. Stansfield, “Statistical theory of df fixing,” Journal of the Institution of Electrical Engineers-Part IIIA: Radiocommunication, vol. 94, no. 15, pp. 762–770, 1947.
[26] R. Poisel, Electronic warfare target location methods. Artech House, 2012.
[27] K. Deergha Rao and D. Reddy, “A new method for finding electro- magnetic emitter location,” Aerospace and Electronic Systems, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 1081–1085, 1994.
[28] K. Dog˘ anc¸ay, “Bearings-only target localization using total least squares,” Signal processing, vol. 85, no. 9, pp. 1695–1710, 2005.
[29] Hashemi, Seyed Mohammad, Shahrokh Barati, Saeed Talati and Heshmat Noori. “A GENETIC ALGORITHM APPROACH TO OPTIMAL PLACEMENT OF SWITCHING AND PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT ON A DISTRIBUTION NETWORK.” VOL. 11, NO. 3, FEBRUARY 2016.
[30] O. Sharifi-Tehrani and S. Talati. (2017) “PPU Adaptive LMS Algorithm, a Hardware-Efficient Approach; a Review on”, Majlesi Journal of Mechatronic Systems, vol. 6, no. 1.
[31] Hashemi. Seyed Mohammad, Abyari. Mohammad, Barati. Shahrokh, Tahmasebi Sanaz, Talati, Saeed. “A PROPOSED METHOD TO CONTROLLER PARAMETER SOFT TUNING AS ACCOMMODATION FTC AFTER UNKNOWN INPUT OBSERVER.” ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences VOL. 11, NO. 5, MARCH 2016.
[32] S. Talati, A. Rahmati, and H. Heidari. (2019) “Investigating the Effect of Voltage Controlled Oscillator Delay on the Stability of Phase Lock Loops”, MJTD, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 57-61.
[33] Saeed. Talati, Behzad. Ebadi, Houman. Akbarzade “Determining of the fault location in distribution systems in presence of distributed generation resources using the original post phasors“ QUID 2017, pp. 1806-1812, Special Issue No.1- ISSN: 1692-343X, Medellín-Colombia. April 2017.
[34] Saeed Talati, mohamadreza Hasani Ahangar (2020) “Analysis, Simulation and Optimization of LVQ Neural Network Algorithm and Comparison with SOM”, MJTD, vol. 10, no. 1.
[35] Saeed Talati, pouriya etezadifar.( 2020) “Providing an Optimal Way to Increase the Security of Data Transfer Using Watermarking in Digital Audio Signals”, MJTD, vol. 10, no. 1.
[36] Talati, S., & Hassani Ahangar. M. R. (2020) “Combining Principal Component Analysis Methods and Self-Organized and Vector Learning Neural Networks for Radar Data”, Majlesi Journal of Telecommunication Devices, 9(2), 65-69.
[37] Hassani Ahangar, M. R., Talati, S., Rahmati, A., & Heidari, H. (2020). “The Use of Electronic Warfare and Information Signaling in Network-based”, Warfare. Majlesi Journal of Telecommunication Devices, 9(2), 93-97.
[38] Saeed Talati, Pouriya Etezadifar. (2020). “Providing an Optimal Way to Increase the Security of Data Transfer Using Watermarking in Digital Audio Signals”, MJTD, vol. 10, no. 1.
[39] Aslinezhad, M., Mahmoudi, O., & Talati, S. (2020). “Blind Detection of Channel Parameters Using Combination of the Gaussian Elimination and Interleaving”, Majlesi Journal of Mechatronic Systems, 9(4), 59-67.
[40] Talati, S., & Amjadi, A. (2020). “Design and Simulation of a Novel Photonic Crystal Fiber with a Low Dispersion Coefficient in the Terahertz Band”, Majlesi Journal of Mechatronic Systems, 9(2), 23-28.
[41] Talati, S., & Alavi, S. M. (2020). “Radar Systems Deception using Cross-eye”, Technique. Majlesi Journal of Mechatronic Systems, 9(3), 19-21.
[42] O. Sharifi-Tehrani, M. F. Sabahi, and M. R. Danee, "GNSS Jamming Detection of UAV Ground Control Station Using Random Matrix Theory," ICT Express, vol. In Press, 2020.
[43] O. Sharifi-Tehrani, "Novel hardware-efficient design of LMS-based adaptive FIR filter utilizing Finite State Machine and Block-RAM," Przeglad Elektrotechniczny, vol. 87, no. 7, pp. 240-244, 2011.
[44] O. Sharifi-Tehrani, "Hardware Design of Image Channel Denoiser for FPGA Embedded Systems," Przegląd Elektrotechniczny, vol. 88, no. 3b, pp. 165-167, 2012.
[45] O. Sharifi-Tehrani, A. Sadeghi, and S. M. J. Razavi, "Design and Simulation of IFF/ATC Antenna for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle," Majlesi Journal of Mechatronic Systems, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 1-4, 2017.
[46] O. Sharifi-Tehrani, M. F. Sabahi, and M. R. Danee, "Low-Complexity Framework for GNSS Jamming and Spoofing Detection on Moving Platforms" ,IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation, vol. 14, no. 12, pp. 2027-2038, 2020.
[47] O. S. Tehrani, M. Ashourian, and P. Moallem, "An FPGA-based implementation of fixed-point standard-LMS algorithm with low resource utilization and fast convergence" ,International Review on Computers and Software, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 436-444, 2010.
[48] O. Sharifi-Tehrani, "Design, Simulation and Fabrication of Microstrip Hairpin and Interdigital BPF for 2.25 GHz Unlicensed Band", Majlesi Journal of Telecommunication Devices, vol. 6, no. 4, 2017.
Published
2021-11-01
How to Cite
Talati, S., Abdollahi, R., Soltaninia, V., & Ayat, M. (2021). A New Emitter Localization Technique Using Airborne Direction Finder Sensor. Majlesi Journal of Mechatronic Systems, 10(4), 5-16. Retrieved from https://ms.majlesi.info/index.php/ms/article/view/490
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