Review of DC Microgrid system with Various Power Quality Issues in “Real Time Operation of DC Microgrid Connected System”
Keywords:
DC microgrid, harmonic analysis, inrush current, bus fault, power quality
Abstract
This paper presents an overview of various microgrid architectures of DC microgrid and power quality issues including harmonic currents, inrush currents, bus fault, circulating currents, and grounding of the system. A microgrid utilizing a DC bus can avoid various power conversion steps, and hence minimize the loss incurred as compared to AC bus. The high frequency semiconductor devices with greater voltage blocking capacities are essential components of DC microgrid. With the advent of new power electronic devices and circuits, the practical implementation of DC microgrid still suffers from various power quality issues and device limitations. This paper investigates and compares the power loss and harmonics for different semiconductor devices by using MATLAB software. The experimental results indicate that SiC device implementation significantly increases energy efficiency and enhances microgrid power quality.
References
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[46] Iino, T.; Hirose, K.; Noritake, M.; Nakamura, A.; Kiryu, K.; Sekikawa, J.,” Characteristics of 400 Vdc plug and socket-outlet for DC distribution systems” In Proceedings of the 2012 International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA), Nagasaki, Japan,11–14 November 2012; pp. 1–6.
[47]Aoki, T.; Yamasaki, M.; Takeda, T.; Tanaka, T.; Harada, H.; Nakamura, K. ,”Guidelines for power-supply systems for datacom equipment in NTT”. In Proceedings of the 24th Annual International Telecommunications Energy Conference, Montréal, QC, Canada, 29 September–3October 2002; pp. 134–139.
[48] P. Prabhakaran, V. Agarwal, “Mitigation of voltage unbalance in a low voltage bipolar DC microgrid using a boost-SEPIC type interleaved dc- dc compensator,” Proceeding of IEEE 2nd Annual Southern Power Electronics (SPEC) conference, 2016.
[49] S. Augustine, M. K. Mishra, and N. Lakshminarasamma, “Circulating current minimization and current sharing control of parallel boost converters based on droop index,” in Proc. IEEE SDEMPED Conf., Aug. 2013, pp. 454–460.
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[51] M. Noritake, T. Lino, A. Fukui, K. Hirose, and M. Yamasaki, “A study of the safety of the dc 400v distribution system,” Proceeding of IEEE 31st International Telecommunications Energy Conference (INTELEC), pp. 1–8, 2009.
[52] K. Hirose, T. Tanaka, T. Babasaki, S. Person, O. Foucault, B. J. Sonnerber, and M. Szpek, “Grounding concept considerations and recommendations for 400vdc distribution system,” Proceeding of IEEE 33rd International Telecommunications Energy Conference (INTELEC), pp. 1–8, 2011.
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[57] IEC 60479-1: “Effects of current on human beings and livestock”, International Electrotechnical Commission, 2005. [77] E. Taylor, M. Korytowski and G. Reed, “Voltage transient Propagation in AC and DC Datacentre Distribution Architectures,” Proceeding of IEEE-ECCE’12, pp. 1998-2004, 2012.
[2] R. H. Lasseter, “Micro Grids,” in Proc. IEEE Power Eng. Soc. Winter Meet., 2002, pp. 305–308.
[3]Tomislav Dragiˇcevi´c, Xiaonan Lu, Juan C. Vasquez, and Josep M. Guerrero,” DC Microgrids—Part I: A Review of Control Strategies and Stabilization Techniques”, IEEE Transaction on Power electronics, vol. 31, no. 7, July 2016
[4] Stephen Whaite , Brandon Grainger and Alexis Kwasinski,” Power Quality in DC Power Distribution Systems and Microgrids”, energies ISSN 1996-1073,May 2015
[5]T. Kaipia, P. Salonen, J. Lassila, J. Partanen, "Possibilities of the low voltage DC distribution systems," Proceeding of NORDAC 2006 Conference, Aug. 2006.
[6] Diaz, Enrique Rodriguez; Savaghebi, Mehdi; Quintero, Juan Carlos Vasquez; Guerrero, Josep M, "An Overview of Low Voltage DC Distribution Systems for Residential Applications," Proceedings of the 5th IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics, Berlin, Germany, 2015.
[7]P. Salonen, T. Kaipia, P. Nuutinen, P. Peltoniemi, J. Partanen, "An LVDC distribution system concept," Proceeding of Nordic Workshop on Power and Industrial Electronics (NORPIE), June 2008.
[8] H. Kakigano, Y. Miura, and T. Ise, “Low-Voltage Bipolar-Type DC Microgrid for Super High Quality Distribution,” IEEE Transaction on Power Electronics, vol. 25, no. 12, pp. 3066–3075, 2010.
[9]J. Karppanen, T. Kaipia, P. Nuutinen, A. Lana, P. Peltoniemi, A. Pinomaa, A. Mattsson, J. Partanen, J. Cho, and J. Kim, “Effect of Voltage Level Selection on Earthing and Protection of LVDC Distribution Systems,” Proceeding of 11th IET International Conference AC and DC Power Transmission, pp. 10-12, Feb 2015.
[10] T. Dragicevic, “Hierarchical control of a direct current microgrid with energy storage systems in a distributed topology,” Ph.D. Dissertation, Faculty Elect. Eng. Comput., Zagreb Univ., Zagreb, Croatia, 2013.
[11] F. Valenciaga and P. F. Puleston, “Supervisor control for a standalone hybrid generation system using wind and photovoltaic energy,” IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 398–405, Jun. 2005.
[12] P. Lindman and L. Thorsell, “Applying distributed power modules in telecom systems,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 365– 373, Mar. 1996.
[13] J.S. Glaserand, A.F. Witulski, “Output plane analysis of load-sharing in multiple-module converter systems,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 43–50, Jan. 1994.
[14] J.-W. Kim, H.-S. Choi, and B. H. Cho, “A novel droop method for converter parallel operation,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 25–32, Jan. 2002.
[15] D. Boroyevich, I. Cvetkovic, D. Dong, R. Burgos, F. Wang, and F. Lee, “Future electronic power distribution systems: A contemplative view,” in Proc. Int. Conf. Opt. Electr. Electron. Equip., 2010, pp. 1369–1380.
[16] V. Nasirian, S. Moayedi, A. Davoudi, and F. Lewis, “Distributed cooperative control of DC microgrids,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 2288–2303, Apr. 2015.
[17] X. Lu, J. M. Guerrero, K. Sun, and J. C. Vasquez, “An improved droop control method for DC microgrids based on low bandwidth communication with DC bus voltage restoration and enhanced current sharing accuracy,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 1800–1812, Apr. 2014.
[18] T. Dragicevic, J. M. Guerrero, and J. C. Vasquez, “A distributed control strategy for coordination of an autonomous lvdc microgrid based on power-line signaling,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 61, no. 7, pp. 3313–3326, Jan. 2014.
[19] H. Kakigano, Y. Miura, and T. Ise, “Low-voltage bipolar-type DC microgrid for super high-quality distribution,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 25, no. 12, pp. 3066–3075, Dec. 2010.
[20] N. C. Ekneligoda and W. W. Weaver, “A game theoretic bus selection method for loads in multi bus DC power systems,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 1669–1678, Apr. 2014.
[21] T. Dragicevic, J. C. Vasquez, J. M. Guerrero, and D. Skrlec, “Advanced LVDC electrical power architectures and microgrids: A step toward a new generation of power distribution networks,” IEEE Electrif. Mag., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 54–65, Mar. 2014.
[22] Q. Shafiee, T. Dragicevic, J. C. Vasquez, and J. M. Guerrero, “Modeling, stability analysis and active stabilization of multiple DC microgrid clusters,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Energy Conf., 2014, pp. 1284–1290.
[23] Q. Shafiee, T. Dragicevic, J. C. Vasquez, and J. M. Guerrero, “Hierarchical control for multiple DC-microgrids clusters,” IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 922–933, Dec. 2014.
[24] T. Hakala, T. Lahdeaho and R. Komsi, “LVDC Pilot Implementation in Public Distribution Network”, Proceeding of International Conference on Electrical Distribution, CIRED 2015, June 2015.
[25] K. Sun, L. Zhang, Y. Xing, and J. M. Guerrero, “A distributed control strategy based on DC bus signaling for modular photovoltaic generation systems with battery energy storage,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 26, no. 10, pp. 3032–3045, Oct. 2011.
[26] T. Dragicevic, J. M. Guerrero, and J. C. Vasquez, “A distributed control strategy for coordination of an autonomous lvdc microgrid based on power-line signaling,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 61, no. 7, pp. 3313–3326, Jan. 2014.
[27] P. Karlsson and J. Svensson, “DC bus voltage control for a distributed power system,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 1405– 1412, Nov. 2003.
[28] J.D. Park, J. Candelaria, L. Ma, and K. Dunn, “DC Ring-Bus Microgrid Fault Protection and Identification of Fault Location,” IEEE Trans. Power Delivery., vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 2574–2584, 2013.
[29] J.-D. Park, J. Candelaria, L. Ma, and K. Dunn, “DC ring-bus microgrid fault protection and identification of fault location,” IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 2574–2584, Oct. 2013.
[30] N. R. Chaudhuri, R. Majumder, and B. Chaudhuri, “System frequency support through multi-terminal DC (MTDC) Grids,” IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 347–356, Feb. 2013.
[31] R.T. Pinto, P. Bauer, S. F. Rodrigues, E. J. Wiggelinkhuizen, J. Pierik, and B. Ferreira, “A novel distributed direct-voltage control strategy for grid integration of offshore wind energy systems through MTDC Network,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 60, no. 6, pp. 2429–2441, Jun. 2013.
[32] C. Gavriluta, I. J. Candela, C. Citro, J. Rocabert, and P. Rodriguez, “Decentralized primary control of MTDC networks with energy storage and distributed generation,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 50, no. 6, pp. 4122–4131, Nov./Dec. 2014.
[33] W. Lu and B. T. Ooi, “Multi-terminal HVDC as enabling technology of premium quality park,” IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 915–920, Jul. 2003.
[34] Kwasinski, A. “Advanced power electronics enabled distribution architectures: design, operation, and control,” Proceeding of Power Electronics and ECCE Asia (ICPE & ECCE), 2011, pp. 1484–1491.
[35] E. Tironi, M. Corti and G. Ubezio, “Zonal electrical distribution systems in large ships: Topology and control,” Proceeding of International Annual Conference (AEIT), 2015, Naples, Italy.
[36] J. C. Ciezki and R. W. Ashton, “Selection and stability issues associated with a navy shipboard and DC zonal electric distribution,” IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 665–669, Apr. 2000.
[37] P. Cairoli and R. Dougal, “New Horizons in DC Shipboard Power Systems: New Fault Protection Strategies are Essential to the Adoption of DC Power Systems,” IEEE Electrification Magazine, Vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 38–45, Dec. 2013.
[38] Jagadeeswaran S., Prajof P., Kotayil S.K.,” A grid interfacing scheme for renewable energy sources” Power and Energy Systems Conference: Towards Sustainable energy, PESTSE 2014,6805326.
[39] G. Gohil, R. Maheshwari, L. Bede, T. Kerekes, R. Teodorescu, M. Liserre, and F. Blaabjerg, “Modified discontinuous PWM for size reduction of the circulating current filter in parallel interleaved converters,” IEEE Transaction on Power Electronics, vol. 30, no. 7, pp. 3457–3470, July 2015.
[40] P. Davari, F. Zare, and F. Blaabjerg, “Pulse pattern modulated strategy for harmonic current components reduction in three-phase ac-dc converters,” IEEE Transaction Industrial Application, vol. 52, no. 4, pp. 3182–3192, Jul./Aug. 2016.
[41] Z. Ye, “Modeling and control of parallel three-phase PWM converters, ”Ph.D. dissertation, Electr. Comput. Eng. Dept., Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg, VA, USA, 2000.
[42]Zhang, R.; Lee, F.C.; Boroyevich, D.; Liu, C.; Chen, L. “AC load conditioner and DC bus conditioner for a DC distribution power system”. In 2000 IEEE 31st Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference. Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.00CH37018); IEEE: Piscataway, NJ,USA, 2000; Volume 1, pp. 107–112.
[43] Graham, A.D., “The importance of a DC side harmonic study for a DC distribution system”, Proceedings of the 6th IET International Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives (PEMD 2012), Bristol, UK, 27–29 March 2012; pp. 1–5.
[44] Global Power, http://www.gptechgroup.com/index.php/en/ news/214-sic-based-power-electronics-reduces-the-size-andswitch-losses-in-power-systems-by-50.
[45] Asakimori, K., Murai, K., Tanaka, T. and Babasaki, T., “Effect of inrush current flowing into EMI filter on the operation of ICT equipment in HVDC system, “Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE 36th International Telecommunications Energy Conference (INTELEC), Vancouver, BC, Canada, 28 September–2 October 2014; pp. 1–5.
[46] Iino, T.; Hirose, K.; Noritake, M.; Nakamura, A.; Kiryu, K.; Sekikawa, J.,” Characteristics of 400 Vdc plug and socket-outlet for DC distribution systems” In Proceedings of the 2012 International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA), Nagasaki, Japan,11–14 November 2012; pp. 1–6.
[47]Aoki, T.; Yamasaki, M.; Takeda, T.; Tanaka, T.; Harada, H.; Nakamura, K. ,”Guidelines for power-supply systems for datacom equipment in NTT”. In Proceedings of the 24th Annual International Telecommunications Energy Conference, Montréal, QC, Canada, 29 September–3October 2002; pp. 134–139.
[48] P. Prabhakaran, V. Agarwal, “Mitigation of voltage unbalance in a low voltage bipolar DC microgrid using a boost-SEPIC type interleaved dc- dc compensator,” Proceeding of IEEE 2nd Annual Southern Power Electronics (SPEC) conference, 2016.
[49] S. Augustine, M. K. Mishra, and N. Lakshminarasamma, “Circulating current minimization and current sharing control of parallel boost converters based on droop index,” in Proc. IEEE SDEMPED Conf., Aug. 2013, pp. 454–460.
[50] D. Paul, “DC traction power system grounding,” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 818–824, May 2002.
[51] M. Noritake, T. Lino, A. Fukui, K. Hirose, and M. Yamasaki, “A study of the safety of the dc 400v distribution system,” Proceeding of IEEE 31st International Telecommunications Energy Conference (INTELEC), pp. 1–8, 2009.
[52] K. Hirose, T. Tanaka, T. Babasaki, S. Person, O. Foucault, B. J. Sonnerber, and M. Szpek, “Grounding concept considerations and recommendations for 400vdc distribution system,” Proceeding of IEEE 33rd International Telecommunications Energy Conference (INTELEC), pp. 1–8, 2011.
[53] European Commission, Low Voltage Directive, LVD 2006/95/EC. European Union Directive, Brussels 2006.
[54] K. Xing, F. C. Lee, J. S. Lai, T. Gurjit, and D. Borojevic, “Adjustable speed drive neutral voltage shift and grounding issues in a DC distributed system,” Proceeding of IEEE-IAS Annual Meeting, Oct. 1997, pp. 517–524.
[55] European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI). ETSI EN 301 605—Environmental Engineering (EE); Earthing and Bonding of 400 VDC Data and Telecom (ICT) Equipment; ETSI: Nice, France, 2011; Volume 1, pp. 1–85.
[56] Engelen, K.; Shun, E.L.; Vermeyen, P.; Pardon, I.; D’hulst, R.; Driesen, J.; Belmans, R. ,”The feasibility of small-scale residential DC distribution systems”. In Proceedings of the IECON 2006—32nd Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics, Paris, France, 6–10 November 2006; pp. 2618–2623.
[57] IEC 60479-1: “Effects of current on human beings and livestock”, International Electrotechnical Commission, 2005. [77] E. Taylor, M. Korytowski and G. Reed, “Voltage transient Propagation in AC and DC Datacentre Distribution Architectures,” Proceeding of IEEE-ECCE’12, pp. 1998-2004, 2012.
Published
2019-09-27
How to Cite
RAI, I., Ravishankar, S., & R, A. (2019). Review of DC Microgrid system with Various Power Quality Issues in “Real Time Operation of DC Microgrid Connected System”. Majlesi Journal of Mechatronic Systems, 8(3), 35-44. Retrieved from https://ms.majlesi.info/index.php/ms/article/view/410
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